热脱附-气相色谱法测定空气中的总挥发性有机化合物研究

建立了热脱附-毛细管气相色谱法测定空气中苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对/间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯和十一烷等挥发性有机物的检测方法。九种挥发性有机物在一定浓度范围内标准曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0.997~0.999之间。检出限在0.002~0.005 mg/m3(采样体积1.0 L计)。用该方法检测了企业产生的有机废气及厂区周边环境空气,实验结果表明该方法灵敏度高、操作简单、重现性好、准确可靠,能够满足对实际样品的分析要求。     

金属氧化物降解六氯苯的活性比较及催化机理研究

以氧化铝(α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3)、氧化钙(CaO)、过渡金属氧化物(Mn O_2、α-Fe_2O_3、γ-Fe_2O_3、Ni_2O_3、CuO)为催化剂,考察了催化剂种类、添加比例等因素对六氯苯(Hexachlorobenzene,HCB)降解效果和产物组分的影响.结果表明,催化效果随催化剂添加比例的提高显著增加.在反应温度为350℃,反应时间1 h,金属氧化物添加比例为100∶1的条件下,碱土金属氧化物CaO及过渡金属氧化物中的α-Fe_2O_3和Ni_2O_3降解活性较好,这3种氧化物对HCB的降解率分别达到65.5%、100.0%和100.0%,脱氯率D_1分别为54.4%、81.9%和77.5%.HCB降解有机产物分析结果显示,8种金属氧化物与HCB样品反应产物中均存在低氯代苯,在α-Fe_2O_3和Ni_2O_3的催化作用下有2~4氯代低氯苯检出,说明在降解过程中存在明显的逐级脱氯/加氢反应;与CaO反应后的产物中低氯代苯较少,经拉曼光谱定性分析,有无序碳的检出,说明除了脱氯/加氢还存在脱氯缩合反应.     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂二恶英对人体健康的风险评价

介绍了生活垃圾焚烧过程中二恶英的产生机理、对人体的危害及控制措施，以某生活垃圾焚烧发电厂环境影响评价为例，提出了二恶英对人体健康风险评价方法，同类项目环境影响评价提供借鉴。     

循环流化床锅炉燃煤技术热电厂生命周期评价

运用生命周期评价方法,应用Gabi5.0软件对采用循环流化床锅炉燃煤技术的热电企业进行资源耗竭和环境影响分析,计算各生产单元生命周期清单的全球变暖潜值、酸化效应潜值、富营养化潜值、非生物资源耗竭潜值、人体毒性潜值以及光化学烟雾和臭氧生成潜值等主要环境影响类型,对燃煤发电过程进行生命周期评价。结果表明,全球变暖和非生物资源耗竭为发电运行过程中主要的环境影响因素,分别占53%和15.05%;锅炉燃烧阶段的环境影响最重,占整个生命周期影响值的77.12%,并且除生物耗竭潜值外的其他5项指标均为发电运行阶段各个单元中最高。采用SNCR脱硝技术减少燃烧过程中NOx的排放量,并对该技术方案进行生命周期评价,比较方案实施前后的环境影响。     

生活垃圾加载介质层填埋法对初期渗滤液污染抑制效果研究

以传统卫生填埋柱R2为对照,通过往生物反应器填埋柱R1内加载可渗透反应介质层1和2进行模拟试验,主要探讨了填埋柱R1垃圾渗滤液COD、总氮、氨氮及总磷的变化趋势,探索一种新型的加载介质层垃圾填埋处理方法。试验结果表明，填埋20周后, R1柱COD浓度基本维持在40 000～45 000 mg/L间,约为R2柱的20%～30%;第24周,R1柱总氮和氨氮分别为206.5 mg/L和167.3 mg/L,在16～24周内,R1总氮和氨氮分别约为R2的14.5%～17.5%和36.2%～43.6%;18周时,R1柱总磷达最大值1.704 mg/L,至第24周降为0.673 mg/L, 整个实验过程R1柱总磷约为R2的0.15%～0.56%。     

一种室外声屏障过渡区域绕射衰减测量方法

提出了一种声屏障声影区与声亮区过渡区域的绕射衰减室外测量方法。方法采用5ms的正弦波作为测试信号,利用声波到达时间的差异有效地排除地面反射和有限长声屏障两侧绕射的影响,并通过背景噪声频谱分析选取测试声以及对接受信号FIR滤波以最大限度降低背景噪声的影响,同时考虑了气象条件变化导致的大气衰减修正。为进一步验证方法有效性,选取直立声屏障作为试验案例。结果表明,与室内全消声室试验结果、几何绕射理论结果接近,试验精度高。     

Evaluation of environmental feasibility of steel pipe sheet pile cutoff wall at coastal landfill sites

An evaluation method that can express the local leakage of leachate from joint sections in steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) cutoff walls is discussed in this study. In particular, the evaluation of environmental feasibility (containment of leachates containing toxic substances) considering a three-dimensional arrangement and hydraulic conductivity distribution of the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall is compared with an evaluation that uses the equivalent hydraulic conductivity. This equivalent hydraulic conductivity assumes that the joint section and the steel pipe are integrated; therefore, the hydraulic conductivity is substituted with a uniform permeable layer. However, in an evaluation that employs the equivalent hydraulic conductivity, it is difficult to consider the local leakage of leachate containing toxic substances from the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall. It was established that evaluations of the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls with joint sections must take into account the local leakage of leachates containing toxic substances from the joint sections. Also, it was clarified that technologies that lower the hydraulic conductivities of joint sections in SPSP cutoff walls and also facilitate the use of sparser joint arrangements contribute significantly to increasing the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls at landfill sites.     

Health benefits valuation of regulatory intervention for air pollution control in thermal power plants in Delhi,India

This study estimates minimum marginal health benefits (morbidity reduction only) of air pollution control and total health benefits arising from regulatory intervention regarding the adoption of the World Bank emission guidelines (WBEG) for thermal power plants (TPPs) in Delhi. The Industrial Source Complex-Short-Term Version–3 (ISCST3) model has been used to estimate the contribution to air pollution from TPPs. The household health production function (avertive behaviour) has been used to value health benefits of air pollution control. The study revealed that the ambient air pollution due to TPPs is reduced by between 62.17% to 83.45% by adopting the WBEG. Annual marginal benefit due to reduction in exposure to air pollution by 1 μg m^?3 is estimated to be US$0.353 per person. Total annual health benefits for adopting the WBEG for TPPs are estimated at US$235.19 million. This study provides a novel methodology to evaluate health benefits of regulatory intervention.     

煤炭自燃指标性气体确定的实验研究

矿井火灾是矿井五大灾害之一,煤炭自燃则是矿井火灾最主要的起因。为了了解煤炭氧化、自燃规律,本文采用TG-DSC技术研究了不同煤种在水分蒸发、吸氧增重、受热分解及燃烧等不同氧化阶段的氧化特征值;并采用TG-DSC-GC联用技术研究了不同煤种在整个氧化阶段的气体产物生成规律及其特征。在煤的低温氧化阶段,找出了CO等可作为判别煤自燃的指标性气体及C2H4等辅助指标性气体;并得出了各煤种氧化阶段的耗氧规律。     

火电厂石灰石-石膏脱硫设施环保验收监测若干问题的探讨

以"十一五"期间较为常见的火电厂石灰石-石膏脱硫设施竣工环保验收监测为例,着重就验收过程监测布点、设施处理效率计算、污染物总量核算、减排项目标准执行以及环境管理检查中存在的问题进行探讨,提出解决问题的方法与思路,为今后火电厂竣工环保验收监测工作提供借鉴。